States of Matter and Phase Changes
| Change | Direction | Heat |
|---|---|---|
| Melting | Solid → Liquid | Absorbs |
| Vaporization | Liquid → Gas | Absorbs |
| Condensation | Gas → Liquid | Releases |
| Freezing | Liquid → Solid | Releases |
| Sublimation | Solid → Gas | Absorbs |
| Deposition | Gas → Solid | Releases |
Sublimation skips the liquid phase entirely. Examples: dry ice (CO₂), iodine crystals.
At equal pressure: cold air is denser and occupies less volume than warm air (Charles's Law).
Other concepts in General Science
- Cell Biology
- Cell Division
- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
- Genetics and Heredity
- Osmosis and Diffusion
- Human Body Systems
- Taxonomy (Classification of Life)
- Ecology
- Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
- Chemical Bonding
- Acids, Bases, and pH
- Waves, Sound, and Light
- Earth and Space Science
- Newton's Laws of Motion