Series Circuits
All components share a single path for current flow.
Rules: - Current is the same through every component: I_total = I₁ = I₂ = I₃ - Voltages add up: V_total = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ (divides proportionally by resistance) - Resistances add up: R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ - If any one component fails (opens), the entire circuit goes dead — like old Christmas lights.