Diodes
A diode allows current to flow in one direction only.
- Anode (+) and Cathode (−)
- Forward bias: anode at higher voltage → current flows (diode conducts)
- Reverse bias: cathode at higher voltage → current blocked
- Rectification: converting AC to DC by blocking half the AC cycle.
- LED (Light Emitting Diode): emits light when forward biased.
- Zener diode: allows reverse current at a specific "zener voltage" — used for voltage regulation.